Հայագիտության հարցեր

Բաթումի դիվանագիտական բանակցությունների երկրորդ փուլը. թուրքական վերջնագրի ընդունումը (1918 թ. մայիս-հունիս)

Գեղամ Պետրոսյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

The second phase of the Batumi talks began on May 30 and continued until June 4, simultaneously with the three Transcaucasian autonomous republics - Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan, but separately with each other. This was a new stage in the relations between Armenians and Ottoman Turkey. On May 30, 1918 President of the Armenian Delegation, Al. Khatisyan, having no alternative, signed the Turkish ultimatum. This was as a result of geopolitical and military-political developments in the South Caucasus. In the current situation, the only way out for the survival of the Eastern Armenians was the adoption of the Turkish ultimatum and conciliation, no matter how hard it was.

German Eastern Mission for Armenian Aid in Urfa (1896-1914)

Ashot Hayruni — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Հայ Ժողովրդական կուսակցության «Ժողովուրդ» պաշտոնաթերթը

Սուրեն Սարգսյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

In the period of the First Republic of Armenia the Armenian Democratic Party, the second powerful political force (hereinafter referred to as ADP), was founded on 11 April, 1917, Tbilisi. To present its objectives and means of their realization, to clarify Party’s attitude towards current significant developments, on 14 August, 1917, Armenian Democratic Party began publishing the public, political and literary daily newspaper “Zhoghovurd” (“People”), which surprisingly has been dropped out of the researchers’ sight. The newspaper clarified that ADP was a national party, which stood above class struggle and supported gradual reforms. “Zhoghovurd” criticized shortcomings in the life of Armenians and advocated what was good and progressive. Among the permanent titles of the newspaper were: “War”, “In Our Party”, “Parliament of Armenia”, “Press”, “Telegrams”, “Correspondents”, “Armenian-Turkish Relations”, “External World”, “ADP’s Propaganda Courses”, “The State of Armenian Emigration”, “Issues of the Day”, “Internal news”, etc. “Zhoghovurd” daily was published until 1 December, 1920.

Полицейская служба в Нахичевани-на-Дону (конец XVIII-XIX вв.)

Левон Батиев — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Self-government was preserved in the Armenian colony of New Nakhichevan from the moment of its creation to the reforms of the second half of the XIX century on the basis of the rights and privileges granted by Empress Catherine II. According to the Astrakhan Judicial book of Armenia, the police and the judicial system were also included in the structure of the government. The article, based on unpublished archival sources, statistical and reference publications, as well as scientific literature and memoirs, examines the history of the police service, its structure and the order of activities in the late XVIII and the first half of the XIX centuries. Special attention is paid to the repeated attempts of the Central government to deprive Nakhichevan of its own police service and the unsuccessful struggle of Nakhichevan for the preservation of the privilege of having its own police service.

Արաբկիր գավառակի հայ բնակչությունը 1830-1880-ական թվականներին

Արփինե Բաբլումյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

The Arabkir region was historically part of Lesser Armenia affiliated with the province of Sebastia, and from 1878 to1880s – with the province of Kharberd. The city of Arabkir was located in a picturesque place surrounded with orchards. It was one of the most prosperous and important cities of Western Armenia. British Consul in Erzrum J. Brant, English geographer and traveler W. Ainsworth, Russian military, General E. Chirikov wrote about Armenians in their memories and researches providing interesting facts about their lives and the number of Armenian population. Some valuable data about this region were also published in the notes of American missionaries. The reasons for the migration of Armenians to other settlements, in particular to Aleppo, Constantinople, Kharberd and other places are also discussed. According to the above mentioned data in 1880s about 10000 Armenians lived in Arabkir city and about 15000 in the region.

Արևմտյան Հայաստանում ամերիկյան բողոքական միսիոներների ցուցաբերած օգնության պատմությունից (XIX դարի 90-ական թթ.)

Լիլիթ Քոսյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

As a result of the active policy pursued by American Protestant missionaries in the 19th century till the beginning of the 20th century, Protestantism began to spread in the Armenianpopulated areas of the Ottoman Empire gaining a mass character especially in the 1890s during the Hamidian massacres. American missionaries, and especially the American Council of Foreign Missions Authority, were among the first to alarm about the catastrophes taking place in Western Armenia and the Armenian-populated areas of Asia Minor. Nevertheless, despite the many humanitarian undertakings of the missionaries, Western Armenians were mainly skeptical about their activities. The fact that missionaries were used as a tool in implementing the policy of the Great Powers to intervene in the internal affairs of the Ottoman Empire and to form an economic boost, is certainly true. They also split the various groups of the Christian population, diminished their power and facilitated the implementation of the sultans' policy. But at the same time one can not ignore the great humanitarian and especially orphan care activities that were implemented through their efforts.

Ռամկավար ազատական կուսակցության գործունեության հիմնական ուղղությունները 1920-ական թթ

Արման Եղիազարյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Armenian Liberal Democratic Party Ramkavar was founded in 1921 as a result of the integration of several political organizations of the Armenian Diaspora. The first decade of the party's activity covered the process of organizational and ideological development. During that period, the party focused on the relations with Soviet Armenia. One of the main goals of the party was to assist the process of repatriation of Armenians to Soviet Armenia. In the Diaspora the Ramkavar party considered the possibility of cooperation with the Social Democratic Hunchakyan Party and All-Armenian Benevolent Union. As for the activity of the party in the diaspora, it concentrated mostly on cultural events.

Ռաֆայել դե Նոգալեսի հուշերը իբրև պատմական սկզբնաղբյուր

Նաիրա Պողոսյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Աբդուլ Համիդ II-ի աքսորի տարիները ժամանակակիցների հուշերում

Տաթևիկ Հակոբյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

No much data is available on the exile of Abdulhamid II and on the period after his dethronement in 1909. The primary and valuable sources for the researchers studying this period of his life are the memoirs of people who had direct contacts with the ex-sultan in those years. Moreover, relying on these sources, historians still continue to interpret the image of Abdulhamid in completely different ways. Among the fundamental and most important sources about the life and activity of Abdulhamid is the book of Sultan's daughter Ayshe Osmanoglu “My father: Sultan Abdulhamid”, as well as the memoirs of his other daughter Shadiye Osmanoglu. The letters of his son Mehmet Abid Efendi, written in the 1950s to his friends living in Turkey, also contain some information. According to experts, the memoirs of Atif bey, the personal doctor of Abdulhamid during the exile, are also an important source.

Հայաստանի Հանրապետության տարածքի աշտարակատիպ հուշարձանների հաշվառումը և բնութագիրը

Լևոն Մկրտչյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Partial study of tower-shaped buildings in Armenia was carried out at the beginning and the end of the 20th century. Recent studies (surveys and mapping, as well as excavations) are designed to generalize and supplement the existing data. Now there are known to be more than 150 towers, which give a preliminary understanding on functional value and dating of these buildings. Further research will significantly enrich our knowledge of these important monuments.

Արսեն Բագրատունու «հայկական չափի» տեսության արձագանքները հայ տաղագիտության մեջ

Աշխեն Ջրբաշյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

This article is a unique attempt to analyze and systemize the manifestations of Arsen Bagratuni’s theory of “Armenian meter” in Armenian versification. Such reactions proved to be both of high approval and disapproval. Some philologists tried to amend that theory to make it more applicable. “Armenian meter” has produced the vast legacy of translated and authentic literature. However it was more widely used in Old Armenian language (Grabar) while the rare literary experiments in New Armenian language (Ashkharhabar) were severely criticized. Since the beginning of the 20th century the interest towards this theory has diminished and the notifications of this theory in the versification are valued solely in the historical-philological aspect.

Դավիթ Անհաղթը հայկական ավանդություններում

Վաչագան Ավագյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

The comprehensive analysis of the stories about the greatest representative of medieval Armenian philosophy David the Invincible (5th-6th centuries) shows that his personality and activity, reshaped under the deep influence of Armenian epic folklore, have gained a significant epic tonality. In the folklore texts about David certain qualities come from both medieval historical and biblical plots, but sometimes - from other motifs and many epic stories or interpretations derived from them, that are enriched with extra and distinctive plots typical for the fairy-tale genre.

The Problem of Liberty of Female Sexuality and its Exposure in Hagop Oshagan’s Prose

Marine Ghazaryan — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Հոդվածում համադրական հերմենևտիկայի մեթոդով քննարկվել են սփյուռքահայ գրող և քննադատ Հակոբ Օշականի «Խոնարհները» ժողովածուի և «Ծակպտուկը» վեպի հերոսուհիների սեռականության ազատության և դրա պատկերման խնդիրները: Հերոսուհիների վարքագիծը և գործունեությունը պայմանավորող ներհոգեկան և արտաքին պատճառները լուսաբանվել են ֆրոյդիզմի և ֆեմինիստական քննադատության տեսանկյունից: Հաշվի են առնվել նաև Օշական քննադատի տեսակետները իր իսկ երկերի վերաբերյալ: Սիրո և սեռի մասին մինչ այժմ օշականագիտության մեջ եղած արծարծումները քննարկվել են նաև գենդերի այսօրեական եզրաբանության մեկնակետից և տեսական այն հիմնավորումներով, որ այսօր շրջանառվում է գիտական գրականության մեջ: Քննությամբ պարզվում է, որ Օշականի նպատակն է խորությամբ բացահայտել հայ կնոջ հուզաշխարհը, ապացուցել, որ նրան ևս բնորոշ է մարմնավոր սերը, և մարդու կատարյալ երջանկությունը պայմանավորված է հոգու և մարմնի ներդաշնակությամբ:

Հին հայերենի յ (y/i̭) ձայնորդը տարաժամանակյա և համաժամանակյա հայեցակերպերում

Վարդան Պետրոսյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Defining the characteristic features of Ancient Armenian sonorant յ (y/i̭) causes considerable difficulties, which often leads to disagreements in terms of etymology and phonemic status of the latter. Particularly, 1) Ancient Armenian յ (y/i̭) stems from various Indo-European sound components; 2) in the phonetic system of classical Armenian (we assume earlier as well) յ (y/i̭) fulfilled both a phonemic, as well as a sub-phonemic function.

Քերականական իրողությունների լեզվաոճական առանձնահատկությունները Վահան Տերյանի պոեզիայում

Մերի Հովհաննիսյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Teryan’s poetic speech is characterized by the solution of stylistic issues through grammatical realities. The peculiar use of nouns, verbs, pronouns, as well as other parts of speech enrich Teryan’s poetic speech with numerous stylistic and expressive means, endow it with briefness, diversity and other peculiarities. The poet skillfully made use of the stylistic features of morphology and contributed to uniforming a number of grammatical phenomena. The specific examples of the usage of passive-like neutral verbs (without affix -վ-), structures of negative forms of the conditional mood ending with inflexion –լ, verb forms of Ի conjugation in the poet’s art of speech are remarkable expressions of overcoming the typical forms of the new literary language. Although the usage of Old Armenian (Grabar), dialectal and colloquial word forms is to some extent associated with the traditions of the previous stage of language development in terms of stylistic peculiarities, it also characterizes the author's poetic preferences. Of no less importance is the role of prosodic features in the selection and usage of the above mentioned phenomena. Syntactic realities, e.g. different structural types of sentences, ellipsis, etc., also have a significant stylistic value in determining the uniqueness and expressiveness of Teryan's poetic speech. The syntactic system of Teryan’s language is characterized by the usage of asyndetic compound sentences, which mainly perform an important function in maintaining the proportional structure of the stanzas.

Սղերդի և շրջակա գյուղերի հայ բնակչության գանգատ-խնդրագրերը քուրդ ցեղապետերի և շեյխերի հալածանքների վերաբերյալ

Նաիրա Գինոսյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Arshak Safrastian was born on September 13, 1886 in Van. In 1904, at the age of 17, he joined the service in Baksh (Bitlis) as a translator in British Consulate and from 1907 to 1911 was appointed to the post of Vice-Ambassador. He bypassed the provinces of Bitlis, Van, Diarbekir and collected information about the unbearable conditions of Armenians and Armenian pogroms and massacres. Complaints of the Sgherdi people and nearby villages are presented in this publication, as well as their requests addressed to A. Safrastian to take any measure and defend them from endless violence and excesses of the Kurds (robbery, murder, seizure of property). In the second half of 19th century, the Ottoman authorities persistently populated Armenian lands with Kurds and other Muslim tribes. This policy led to a strong decrease of Armenian population in these regions. Being subjected to violence by the Kurds, Armenians were urged to leave their properties and homes and take the path of massive migration to different directions. Those Armenians who stayed paid high taxes for the safety of their lives, and those who did not pay were condemned to death.

Աբրահամ Գասպարյան, Ներքաղաքական գործընթացների իրողությունները Մերձավոր Արևելքում

Սարգիս Գրիգորյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Աբրահամ Գասպարյան, Ներքաղաքական գործընթացների իրողությունները Մերձավոր Արևելքում (դասախոսության նյութերի ժողովածու), Երևան, «ՎՄՎ-ՊՐԻՆՏ», 2016, 192 էջ

Աշոտ Հովհաննիսյան, Զաքարիա Ագուլեցին և իր ժամանակը

Սարգիս Բալդարյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Աշոտ Հովհաննիսյան, Զաքարիա Ագուլեցին և իր ժամանակը: Հրատարակության պատրաստեց Վարուժան Պողոսյանը, Երևան, ԵՊՀ հրատարակչություն, 2017, 190 էջ + 1 ներդիր

Էդվարդ Դանիելյան, Եղեռնից փրկված հայ փախստականները Անդրկովկասում 1914-1922 թթ. (շարժը, կացությունը, թվակազմը)

Էդիկ Մինասյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Էդվարդ Դանիելյան, Եղեռնից փրկված հայ փախստականները Անդրկովկասում 1914-1922 թթ. (շարժը, կացությունը, թվակազմը), Երևան, Մեկնարկ, 2017, 240 էջ

Սուրեն Սարգսյան, Մկրտիչ Փորթուգալյանի հասարակականքաղաքական կյանքը և «Արմենիա» պարբերականը

Գեղամ Հովհաննիսյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Սուրեն Սարգսյան, Մկրտիչ Փորթուգալյանի հասարակական-քաղաքական կյանքը և «Արմենիա» պարբերականը, ՀՀ ԳԱԱ պատմության ինստիտուտ, Երևան, 2018, 493 էջ

Յակոբ Տէր-Կարապետեան, Հայկական Էթնիք Ինքնութիւնը Միջավայրի Մէջ. Փորձագիտական Եւ Հոգեբանաընկերաբանական Դիտակէտերէ

Անդրանիկ Տագեսյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Aghop Der-Karabetian, Armenian Ethnic Identity in Context: Empirical and Psychosocial Perspective, Beirut Haigazian University Press, 2018, 270 p.
Յակոբ Տէր-Կարապետեան, Հայկական Էթնիք Ինքնութիւնը Միջավայրի Մէջ. Փորձագիտական Եւ Հոգեբանաընկերաբանական Դիտակէտերէ, Պէյրութ, Հայկազեան Համալսարանի Հրատարակչատուն, 2018, 270 էջ

Հովհան Օձնեցին իբրև պատկերամարտության քննադատ (նկատառումներ «Ընդդէմ պաւղիկեանց» երկի վերաբերյալ)

Սեյրան Զաքարյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

The article discusses the question, strange at first glance, concerning who the Catholicos of All Armenians Hovhannes Imastaser Odznetci (719-728) opposed to in his treatise “Against the Paulicians”, since the title of the book clearly suggests that it should be directed against the Paulicians. However, this book does not give a more or less complete picture of the history of the Paulician movement, its ideology, religious theological principles and philosophical ideas; moreover, the name “Paulicians” is mentioned there only once. According to the author, Odznetci’s attitude toward those who rejected worship of God and iconophilia, expressed in different parts of the book, reveals firstly, that his work is not as much against the Paulicians, but against iconoclasts and those who considered iconophilia as idolatry, as well as against the followers of Docetism who considered the Incarnation of the Word of God as merely an illusion, secondly, it is not aimed at criticizing the views of the ideological opponents of the church (the Paulicians), but at denying the arguments of the critics of iconophilia defended by the Church. In this sense, the title of the treatise does not reflect its content, and the titles “Speech in Defense of Iconophilia” or “Against the Iconoclasts” would fit better. Consequently, Odznetci’s treatise should be regarded not as much against the Paulicians, but rather as one of the most holistic works against iconoclasm in the common ecclesiastical literature (after Vrtanes Kertogh’s treatise and before John of Damascus’ “Three Sermons on the Dormition Feast”).

Կետադրական զուգաձևություններ ժամանակակից արևելահայերենում

Յուրի Ավետիսյան — Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 +0000

Along with the development of the literary language, parallelisms emerge in the use of punctuation marks, and from time to time we face the need for developing general principles on them. When developing these principles, we must avoid strict rules; a punctuation option that does not distort the content of the statement and does not contradict the accepted principles and norms, should be considered as parallelism.