Կարսի մարզի բնակչության թվաքանակի և էթնիկ կազմի շարժընթացը 1878-1914 թթ

Abstract

The Kars region became a part of the Russian Empire at the end of the 1877-1878 Russian-Ottoman and as a consequence of peace treaties signed in San-Stefano and Berlin. In the radically altered economic and political-administrative situation the social, economic problems of population, as well as the issues of immigration, reproduction and distribution required immediate solutions. In the period under discussion, the number of the population increased more than four times, annually growing to 2,2%.

The highest indices of population growth fell to the last two decades of the 19-th century when the role of immigration was more decisive than natural growth. To demographic changes in this period were characteristic high rates of birth and mortality, as well as massive immigration, as a result of which an annual growth of 7,4% was recorded. In the first 15 years of the XX century the picture changed: the natural growth became pervasive while the annual growth stabilized at 1,6%.

In the period of the Russian rule, the population of Kars region was distinguished by its ethnic diversity. During the first years of its formation, it had the following picture: Armenians – 17%, Turks and Tatars – 67.4%, Kurds – 5.9%, Georgians – 4.0%, Russians – 1.0%. others – 4.7 %. As a result of mass immigration, the ethnic composition of the region changed significantly. According to the census data, the Armenians made up the 25.3% of the whole population, the Turks – 21.9, the Kurds – 14.8, the Greeks 11.2, the Karapapakhs – 10.3, the Russians – 7.7, others – 8.8%.